In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. we can use this guide on how to break out of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro. Here we will be running the brute force on the SSH port that can be seen in the following screenshot. bruteforce As seen in the above screenshot, the image file could not be opened on the browser as it showed some errors. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. sudo abuse Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV >>. file permissions We need to figure out the type of encoding to view the actual SSH key. The notes.txt file seems to be some password wordlist. The Dirb command and scan results can be seen below. 4. It can be seen in the following screenshot. Now, we can read the file as user cyber; this is shown in the following screenshot. So, let us run the above payload in the target machine terminal and wait for a connection on our attacker machine. c Capturing the string and running it through an online cracker reveals the following output, which we will use. The target machine's IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. So, let us identify other vulnerabilities in the target application which can be explored further. limit the amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max speed of 3mb. First, let us save the key into the file. We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. rest The green highlight area shows cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files, which means we can use this utility to read any files. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. I wanted to test for other users as well, but first I wanted to see what level of access Elliot has. For me, this took about 1 hour once I got the foothold. So, let's start the walkthrough. remote command execution cronjob The hint mentions an image file that has been mistakenly added to the target application. Series: Fristileaks So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below. Merely adding the .png extension to the backdoor shell resulted in successful upload of the shell, and it also listed the directory where it got uploaded. So, we ran the WPScan tool on the target application to identify known vulnerabilities. However, upon opening the source of the page, we see a brainf#ck cypher. Please Note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. The base 58 decoders can be seen in the following screenshot. This completes the challenge. Below we can see netdiscover in action. Vulnhub machines Walkthrough series Mr. This is Breakout from Vulnhub. The port numbers 80, 10000, and 20000 are open and used for the HTTP service. The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machines IP address. However, it requires the passphrase to log in. It is linux based machine. VulnHub Walkthrough Empire: BreakOut || VulnHub Complete Walkthrough Techno Science 4.23K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K views 8 months ago Learn More:. hacksudo Locate the AIM facility by following the objective marker. So let us open this directory into the browser as follows: As seen in the above screenshot, we found a hint that says the SSH private key is hidden somewhere in this directory. Trying directory brute force using gobuster. We got the below password . We will use nmap to enumerate the host. Note: The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigns it. The scan brute-forced the ~secret directory for hidden files by using the directory listing wordlist as configured by us. Here, I wont show this step. Using this username and the previously found password, I could log into the Webmin service running on port 20000. So, let us open the file on the browser. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. BINGO. Port 80 open. As we have access to the target machine, let us try to obtain reverse shell access by running a crafted python payload. It can be used for finding resources not linked directories, servlets, scripts, etc. 13. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. Please comment if you are facing the same. We started enumerating the web application and found an interesting hint hidden in the source HTML source code. I hope you enjoyed solving this refreshing CTF exercise. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. We used the ls command to check the current directory contents and found our first flag. We found another hint in the robots.txt file. Also, make sure to check out the walkthroughs on the harry potter series. Navigating to eezeepz user directory, we can another notes.txt and its content are listed below. . The usermin interface allows server access. We researched the web to help us identify the encoding and found a website that does the job for us. We are now logged into the target machine as user l. We ran the id command output shows that we are not the root user. I have also provided a downloadable URL for this CTF here, so you can download the machine and run it on VirtualBox. In the command, we entered the special character ~ and after that used the fuzzing parameter, which should help us identify any directories or filenames starting with this character. This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. VulnHub: Empire: Breakout Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. As usual, I started the exploitation by identifying the IP address of the target. When we checked the robots.txt file, another directory was mentioned, which can be seen in the above screenshot. Let's start with enumeration. The login was successful as we confirmed the current user by running the id command. This box was created to be an Easy box, but it can be Medium if you get lost. 15. This machine works on VirtualBox. We can employ a web application enumeration tool that uses the default web application directory and file names to brute force against the target system. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. In this post, I created a file in, How do you copy your ssh public key, (I guess from your kali, assuming ssh has generated keys), to /home/ragnar/authorized_keys?, abuse capability Writeup Breakout HackMyVM Walkthrough, Link to the machine: https://hackmyvm.eu/machines/machine.php?vm=Breakout. Let us enumerate the target machine for vulnerabilities. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. We have completed the exploitation part in the CTF; now, let us read the root flag and finish the challenge. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. 7. BOOM! command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. Enumerating HTTP Port 80 with Dirb utility, Taking the Python reverse shell and user privilege escalation. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. The message states an interesting file, notes.txt, available on the target machine. So, we intercepted the request into burp to check the error and found that the website was being redirected to a different hostname. Difficulty: Basic, Also a note for VMware users: VMware users will need to manually edit the VMs MAC address to: 08:00:27:A5:A6:76. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. For hints discord Server ( https://discord.gg/7asvAhCEhe ). After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. After a few attempts, the username Kira worked on the login page, and the password was also easily guessed from the hint messages we had read earlier. After getting the version information of the installed operating system and kernel, we searched the web for an available exploit, but none could be found. However, in the current user directory we have a password-raw md5 file. In the next step, we will be using automated tools for this very purpose. However, due to the complexity of the language and the use of only special characters, it can be used for encoding purposes. The capability, cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files. Until then, I encourage you to try to finish this CTF! The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. router I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. With its we can carry out orders. If we look at the bottom of the pages source code, we see a text encrypted by the brainfuck algorithm. There could be other directories starting with the same character ~. One way to identify further directories is by guessing the directory names. We decided to download the file on our attacker machine for further analysis. In this CTF machine, one gets to learn to identify information from different pages, bruteforcing passwords and abusing sudo. Although this is straightforward, this is slightly difficult for people who don't have enough experience with CTF challenges and Linux machines. We will be using. 1. The CTF or Check the Flag problem is posted on vulnhub.com. This is fairly easy to root and doesnt involve many techniques. Kali Linux VM will be my attacking box. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. Matrix-Breakout: 2 Morpheus vulnhub.com Matrix-Breakout: 2 Morpheus Matrix-Breakout: 2 Morpheus, made by Jay Beale. shellkali. This VM has three keys hidden in different locations. First, we tried to read the shadow file that stores all users passwords. Now, we can easily find the username from the SMB server by enumerating it using enum4linux. We ran the id command to check the user information. This step will conduct a fuzzing scan on the identified target machine. After logging into the target machine, we started information gathering about the installed operating system and kernels, which can be seen below. There isnt any advanced exploitation or reverse engineering. We clicked on the usermin option to open the web terminal, seen below. The results can be seen below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.11 -p- -sV >>. Host discovery. The next step is to scan the target machine using the Nmap tool. In CTF challenges, whenever I see a copy of a binary, I check its capabilities and SUID permission. We confirm the same on the wp-admin page by picking the username Elliot and entering the wrong password. So, we collected useful information from all the hint messages given on the target application to login into the admin panel. VM running on 192.168.2.4. Since we can see port 80 is opened, the first thing I always do before running tools such as nikto or gobuster is to look for known pages such as robots.txt. Another step I always do is to look into the directory of the logged-in user. It is a default tool in kali Linux designed for brute-forcing Web Applications. The walkthrough Step 1 The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machine's IP address. It can be seen in the following screenshot. Ill get a reverse shell. Difficulty: Medium-Hard File Information Back to the Top I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. We got one of the keys! This means that we do not need a password to root. Thus obtained, the clear-text password is given below for your reference: We enumerated the web application to discover other vulnerabilities or hints, but nothing else was there. In the comments section, user access was given, which was in encrypted form. Categories Vulnhub - Driftingblues 1 - Walkthrough - Writeup . python htb So, let us try to switch the current user to kira and use the above password. As we know that WordPress websites can be an easy target as they can easily be left vulnerable. We created two files on our attacker machine. programming I hope you liked the walkthrough. Firstly, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. Matrix 2: Vulnhub Lab Walkthrough March 1, 2019 by Raj Chandel Today we are going to solve another Boot2Root challenge "Matrix 2". This vulnerable lab can be downloaded from here. In, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. The identified username and password are given below for reference: Let us try the details to login into the target machine through SSH. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine to receive incoming connections through port 1234. Let us open the file on the browser to check the contents. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. memory We can decode this from the site dcode.fr to get a password-like text. So, we clicked on the hint and found the below message. Command used: << wget http://192.168.1.15/~secret/.mysecret.txt >>. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. web sshjohnsudo -l. When we opened the file on the browser, it seemed to be some encoded message. Use the elevator then make your way to the location marked on your HUD. The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. Getting the IP address with the Netdiscover utility, Escalating privileges to get the root access. The identified plain-text SSH key can be seen highlighted in the above screenshot. Walkthrough Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. 16. we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. Now, We have all the information that is required. On the home directory, we can see a tar binary. Sticking to the goal and following the same pattern of key files, we ran a quick check across the file system with command like find / -name key-2-of-3.txt. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. Name: Fristileaks 1.3 So, we need to add the given host into our, etc/hosts file to run the website into the browser. For those who are not aware of the site, VulnHub is a well-known website for security researchers which aims to provide users with a way to learn and practice their hacking skills through a series of challenges in a safe and legal environment. I looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the third key, so its time to escalate to root. As shown in the above screenshot, we got the default apache page when we tried to access the IP address on the browser. Anyway, I have tested this machine on VirtualBox and it sometimes loses the network connection. In this post, I created a file in You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on the Nebuchadnezzar that Cypher has locked everyone else out from, which holds the key to a mystery. The scan results identified secret as a valid directory name from the server. Now at this point, we have a username and a dictionary file. Meant to be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on. This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. Before we trigger the above template, well set up a listener. Command used: << dirb http://192.168.1.15/ >>. The online tool is given below. The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. Other than that, let me know if you have any ideas for what else I should stream! The hint can be seen highlighted in the following screenshot. Following that, I passed /bin/bash as an argument. Funbox CTF vulnhub walkthrough. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. The versions for these can be seen in the above screenshot. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. file.pysudo. The content of both the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. I am from Azerbaijan. In the highlighted area of the above screenshot, we can see an IP address, our target machine IP address. We can see this is a WordPress site and has a login page enumerated. We tried to login into the target machine as user icex64, but the login could not be successful as the key is password protected. It also refers to checking another comment on the page. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. If you are a regular visitor, you can buymeacoffee too. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. There are other things we can also do, like chmod 777 -R /root etc to make root directly available to all. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. Name: Empire: LupinOne Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. We will use the Nmap tool for it, as it works effectively and is by default available on Kali Linux. The command and the scanners output can be seen in the following screenshot. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=From_Hex(Auto)From_Base64(A-Za-z0-9%2B/%3D,true)&input=NjMgNDcgNDYgN2EgNjMgMzMgNjQgNmIgNDkgNDQgNmYgNjcgNjEgMzIgNmMgNzkgNTkgNTcgNmMgN2EgNWEgNTggNWEgNzAgNjIgNDMgNDEgM2Q, In the above screenshot, we can see that we used an online website, cyber chief, to decrypt the hex string using base64 encryption. CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1 January 17, 2022 by LetsPen Test The goal of this capture the flag is to gain root access to the target machine. So, we did a quick search on Google and found an online tool that can be used to decode the message using the brainfuck algorithm. We do not understand the hint message. So, let us start the fuzzing scan, which can be seen below. It is especially important to conduct a full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF for maximum results. To make sure that the files haven't been altered in any manner, you can check the checksum of the file. This website uses 'cookies' to give you the best, most relevant experience. The root flag can be seen in the above screenshot. Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. Greetings! Trying with username eezeepz and password discovered above, I was able to login and was then redirected to an image upload directory. The enumeration gave me the username of the machine as cyber. structures We copy-pasted the string to recognize the encryption type and, after that, click on analyze. This VM shows how important it is to try all possible ways when enumerating the subdirectories exposed over port 80. sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.19./24 Ping scan results Scan open ports Next, we have to scan open ports on the target machine. I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. Testing the password for fristigod with LetThereBeFristi! In the /opt/ folder, we found a file named case-file.txt that mentions another folder with some useful information. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on . security Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. [CLICK IMAGES TO ENLARGE]. insecure file upload 6. This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. Askiw Theme by Seos Themes. I tried to directly upload the php backdoor shell, but it looks like there is a filter to check for extensions. The file was also mentioned in the hint message on the target machine. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. Let us get started with the challenge. hackmyvm It will be visible on the login screen. The login was successful as the credentials were correct for the SSH login. WordPress then reveals that the username Elliot does exist. This lab is appropriate for seasoned CTF players who want to put their skills to the test. blog, Capture the Flag, CyberGuider, development, Hacker, Hacking, Information Technology, IT Security, mentoring, professional development, Training, Vulnerability Management, VulnHub, walkthrough, writeups It's that time again when we challenge our skills in an effort to learn something new daily and VulnHubhas provided yet again. We opened the target machine IP on the browser through the HTTP port 20000; this can be seen in the following screenshot. We will be using the Dirb tool as it is installed in Kali Linux. shenron In this case, I checked its capability. Lets start with enumeration. Author: Ar0xA The comment left by a user names L contains some hidden message which is given below for your reference . Let's use netdiscover to identify the same. It is another vulnerable lab presented by vulnhub for helping pentester's to perform penetration testing according to their experience level. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. . The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. VulnHub Sunset Decoy Walkthrough - Conclusion. fig 2: nmap. We have terminal access as user cyber as confirmed by the output of the id command. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. backend Scanning target for further enumeration. Robot VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. It can be seen in the following screenshot. VM LINK: https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip, http://192.168.8.132/manual/en/index.html. We used the -p- option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. We added all the passwords in the pass file. ssti So, let us rerun the FFUF tool to identify the SSH Key. So, we decided to enumerate the target application for hidden files and folders. If you understand the risks, please download! Download the Mr. Command used: << dirb http://deathnote.vuln/ >>. We identified a few files and directories with the help of the scan. There could be hidden files and folders in the root directory. This means that the HTTP service is enabled on the apache server.

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